Somali Parliament Approves New Constitution

On March 4, 2026, Somalia's bicameral parliament approved a new constitution, concluding a 13-year process. The new constitution extends the presidential term from four to five years and stipulates that the president will be elected by parliament, while members of parliament will be chosen directly by citizens. It also defines the roles of the executive, legislature, and judiciary, establishing oversight mechanisms to prevent abuse of office and uphold the rule of law.

Key Provisions of the New Constitution

• Presidential Term Extension: The term is extended from four to five years.
• Election Process: The president will be elected by parliament; members of parliament will be directly elected by citizens.
• Prime Minister Appointment: Appointed by the president but can be removed by parliament.
• Separation of Powers: Clearly defines the roles of the executive, legislature, and judiciary.
• Oversight Mechanisms: Designed to prevent abuse of office and ensure transparency.

Reactions and Implications

Justice and Constitutional Affairs Minister Hassan Moallin Mohamud Sheikh Ali lauded the new constitution as a historic milestone, emphasizing its role in strengthening democratic institutions and promoting national unity. However, some regional states, including Puntland and Jubaland, have rejected the revised document, arguing that the process lacked consensus and legitimacy. They have stated they will continue to recognize the provisional constitution.

The approval of the new constitution is seen as a significant step toward restoring law and order in Somalia after decades of political turbulence and conflict. It provides a legal framework aimed at enhancing governance, ensuring transparency, and upholding the rule of law.