Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan has approved a new constitution that significantly enhances President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's authority. The referendum, held on March 15, 2026, saw over 87% of voters in favor, with a turnout exceeding 73%. The constitutional changes dissolve the bicameral parliament in favor of a single chamber and restore the vice presidency, allowing the president to appoint key officials with parliamentary approval. Additionally, a new People's Council, whose members are entirely presidential appointees, has been created with legislative and referendum authority.
Tokayev, 72, currently limited to one seven-year term ending in 2029, could use this reform to reset term limits, a tactic seen in other former Soviet republics. Some changes also reflect a conservative social agenda, with the constitution redefining marriage strictly as between a man and a woman—following legislation against LGBTQ+ advocacy.
Tokayev cites national security and geopolitical instability, particularly due to Russia's war in Ukraine, as reasons for the reforms. The opposition remains marginalized, and amid economic struggles, including 11.7% inflation and rising taxes, analysts warn of possible unrest akin to the deadly protests of 2022. The reforms are seen as a strategy to consolidate power and preempt further discontent.
